记录：Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS 挂载新硬盘

1、使用 df -Th 查询硬盘目前使用情况

Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev           devtmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     797M  676K  796M   1% /run
/dev/vda1      ext4       40G  3.6G   34G  10% /
tmpfs          tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs          tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs          tmpfs     797M     0  797M   0% /run/user/0

2、通过 fdisk -l 查看电脑的硬盘

Disk /dev/vda: 40 GiB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xc04c8785

Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vda1  *     2048 83886046 83883999  40G 83 Linux


Disk /dev/vdb: 200 GiB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

也可以通过 lsblk -f 来查看

NAME   FSTYPE LABEL UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
vda
└─vda1 ext4   /     8b92483a-a5dd-44af-81f7-87713be4d51c   33.9G     9% /
vdb

/dev/vdb 就是要挂载的硬盘，这是一块空的硬盘，没有数据。

3、删除 /dev/vdb 的分区，输入 d，然后根据提示输入对应分区号就可以了。这是磁盘有数据的时候才需要这样操作，如果没有数据，是一块全新的硬盘，可以忽略这个步骤。（操作前，请备份好原有硬盘的数据）

4、用 mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb 命令，将硬盘格式化为 ext4

mke2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Found a dos partition table in /dev/vdb
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
Creating filesystem with 52428800 4k blocks and 13107200 inodes
Filesystem UUID: a4d3a9d0-76a4-4001-9bd0-2f22628db9ce
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

5、挂载格式化好的硬盘

mkdir /mnt/vdb
mount /dev/vdb /mnt/vdb

6、用 df -Th 命令查看已挂载的磁盘

Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev           devtmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     797M  680K  796M   1% /run
/dev/vda1      ext4       40G  3.6G   34G  10% /
tmpfs          tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs          tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs          tmpfs     797M     0  797M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/vdb       ext4      196G   61M  186G   1% /mnt/vdb

7、设置开机自动挂载 在 /etc/fstab 中追加 /dev/vdb /mnt/vdb ext4 defaults 0 0

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/vda1 during installation
UUID=8b92483a-a5dd-44af-81f7-87713be4d51c /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
/dev/fd0        /media/floppy0  auto    rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0       0
/dev/vdb /mnt/vdb ext4 defaults 0 0